Dosa Recipe (With Homemade Dosa Batter)

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Dosa is the ever-popular South Indian breakfast of crispy crepes made with ground rice and lentil batter that is fermented. With just a handful of ingredients learn to make the classic Dosa recipe from scratch with my easy video and step-by-step photos. I also cover making your own dosa batter in a blender or mixer-grinder, tips on fermentation and cooking dosa to help you make the best dosa – crispy, soft and so good to dunk in a bowl of Coconut Chutney or piping hot Sambar.

two folded, golden, crisp placed next to white bowls filled with sambar and coconut chutney on a white plate

What is Dosa

Dosa also called as Dosai (in Tamil language) is a famous and popular South Indian breakfast or snack in India as well in the rest of the world. Dosa are basically crispy or soft crepes made with ground and fermented lentil and rice batter.

To make the batter, first the lentils and rice are soaked in water for 4 to 5 hours. They are then ground separately to a fine consistency.

Then both the lentil batter and the rice batter are mixed with salt in a wide bowl or pan. This batter is then allowed to ferment overnight or for 8 to 9 hours.

After the batter is fermented, it increases in volume, has a pleasant fermented aroma and a slightly sour taste. A well-fermented batter makes the best dosa. You will also see many tiny air-pockets in the batter.

Making the batter and then fermenting it is such a joy that I always look forward to making fermented foods like dosa and Idli.

The fermented batter is poured on a seasoned cast-iron pan or skillet (tawa) and spread like a pancake and cooked till crispy and golden with a drizzle of oil or ghee.

Lentils for dosa

The lentils used to make dosa batter are husked and split Black Gram. These are also known as Urad Dal in Hindi. The other English names of urad dal are Black Matpe Bean, Mungo Bean and Vigna Mungo (botanical name).

Urad dal is available whole as well as split. To make dosa, you can use either the husked whole urad dal or the husked and split urad dal. Both these types of urad dal have an off-white color. The black husks on them have been removed.

For a crispy dosa adding 2 to 3 tablespoons chana dal (husked bengal gram) works wonderfully. Some variations also include adding both 2 tablespoons of chana dal and 2 tablespoons of tur dal (pigeon pea lentils).

You can also add about ¼ cup moong lentils to the batter. Though urad dal forms the bulk of the lentils, but for a mixture of various proteins, consider adding 2 to 3 tablespoons of lentils like chana dal, tur dal, moong dal or masoor dal (red lentils).

Which variety of rice to use

The rice used to make dosa batter can be short or medium-grained white rice or parboiled idli rice.

A basic dosa recipe will just have rice, urad dal and salt. The proportions for making dosa vary and by changing the proportions you can alter the texture by having a soft thick dosa to a thin dosa or a crispy dosa.

The addition of some more ingredients like flattened rice (parched rice or poha), different types of lentils also changes the texture. The color also varies from being an opaque white to pale golden or reddish or golden.

Many readers ask me what is parboiled rice and idli rice. So I will mention it.

  • Parboiled rice is rice which is partially cooked in their husks. Later they are dried and milled. They are also known as converted rice. Parboiled rice is used for making steamed rice, savory rice porridge (which we call kanji) and snacks too.
  • Idli rice is a type of parboiled rice and is specifically meant to make idli or dosa. But I have also cooked them and they taste great with sambar or any other curry or stew. Note that you can use also make the batter with only regular white rice. I personally prefer the Indian varieties of sona masuri or parmal rice.
  • Regular rice is polished white rice where its husk, bran and germ have been removed.

So we can sum up that there are many varieties of dosa that can be made with textures ranging from crisp to soft to fluffy to light.

These varying textures are due to the proportion of the rice, urad dal and other ingredients used in the dosa batter recipe. That said, dosa can also be made with brown rice or hand-pounded rice.

About This Dosa Recipe

Plain dosa is also called as Sada dosa. The word “Sada’ means plain or simple. Truly so as this humble Sada dosa is served without the potato stuffing (potato masala). So you relish the dosa with just the coconut chutney and sambar.

The Sada Dosa recipe I am sharing here is what I generally make. The dosa batter recipe uses 3:0.75 proportions for rice and lentils respectively. Apart from the rice, I also add some flattened rice (poha) for softness and fenugreek seeds (to help in fermentation).

Adding flattened rice adds a touch of softness to the dosa. So this dosa recipe makes for crisp as well as soft textured dosa. This is how we prefer them at home.

In this recipe, I have used a mix of idli rice and regular rice. But you can also just use idli rice or regular rice. Both sona masuri and parmal rice also work well in the recipe. In the video, I have shown making the dosa with idli rice only.

The dosa batter that is made with this recipe will finish up the whole batter in a day for a family of 3 to 4. In summers, I usually make a lesser proportion as the batter tends to get sour quickly. While in winters, I double the proportions.

I have also ground the rice and lentils together as this much quantity my mixer-grinder can accommodate without grinding them separately. But if you increase the proportions, then do grind the lentils and rice separately.

This is a foolproof tried and tested dosa recipe and you can easily scale the recipe. If doubling or tripling this dosa recipe, then soak urad dal + methi seeds in a separate bowl. Grind urad dal and methi seeds separately. Grind rice separately. Then mix both the batters in a large bowl or pan.

This dosa batter is a 2 in 1 batter as it can be used to make Idli, Uttapam and Paniyaram. The best part of this dosa batter is that you can make the dosa thin, crisp as well as thick. It is up to you. I make both. With the same batter, you can make a variety of dosa.

close up shot of crisp sada dosa folded next to a bowl of coconut chutney on a white plate
Step-by-Step Guide

How to make Dosa

Soaking the lentils, rice, making the batter, fermenting the batter calls for time, planning and some prep work. So for your ease of understanding, I have divided this step by step guide into 4 main parts:

  1. Soaking rice and lentils
  2. Making dosa batter in a blender or mixer-grinder
  3. Fermenting dosa batter
  4. Making dosa

Soak Rice and Lentils

1. In a bowl take ½ cup idli rice or parboiled rice along with ½ cup regular rice. Instead of adding regular rice, you can also make the dosa with a total of 1 cup idli rice as I have shown in the video.

Kindly note that the video has the recipe ingredients doubled in proportion.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

2. To the same bowl, add ¼ cup urad dal and ⅛ teaspoon fenugreek seeds (methi).

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

3. Rinse the rice, lentils and methi seeds together a couple of times and keep them aside.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

4. In a separate bowl, take 2 tablespoons of thick poha (flattened rice or parched rice).

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

5. Rinse poha once or twice in water and then add to the bowl containing the rinsed rice+lentils+methi seeds.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

6. Add 1.5 cups of water and mix. Cover with a lid and soak everything for 4 to 5 hours.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

Make Dosa Batter

7. Drain all the water and add the soaked ingredients to a mixer grinder or a blender.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

8. Add ⅔ to ¾ cup water and grind or blend till you get a fine grainy consistency of rice in the batter. A smooth consistency of the batter is also fine.

If the mixer gets heated up, then stop and wait for some minutes. When the mixer cools down, grind again.

Depending on the jar capacity, you can grind everything once or in two batches. I ground in two batches and added a total of ¾ cup water.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

9. Now take the batter in a large bowl or pan. In case the dosa batter becomes thin, then add a few tablespoons of rice flour to thicken it. Mix the rice flour very well in the batter.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

10. Add ½ teaspoon of edible rock salt. Mix very well. Instead of rock salt, you can use non-iodized salt or sea salt crystals or Himalayan pink salt.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

Ferment Dosa Batter

11. Cover and allow to ferment for 8 to 9 hours or more. The time of fermentation will vary depending on the temperature conditions, climate and altitude.

In winters, the time of fermentation can go up to 14 to 24 hours. If you live in a cold city or high altitude then I highly recommend fermenting the batter in an Instant pot if you have one.

I have listed below more fermentation tips and suggestions including fermenting dosa batter in an Instant pot. So do read these handy and helpful tips.

In the below photo, you see the dosa batter after 11 hours of fermentation. A proper fermentation will double or triple up the volume of the batter with a light sour aroma.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

12. Now lightly stir the batter, before you begin to make dosa. You will also see many tiny air pockets in the batter. As you see in the below photo, the batter is very well fermented.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

Make Dosa

1. Heat a cast iron pan. When the pan becomes hot, spread ¼ to ½ teaspoon oil all over the pan with a spoon or with a thick paper towel dipped in oil. For a richer taste, you can cook the dosa with ghee or butter.

Note that the oil should be spread evenly or else it becomes difficult to spread the batter. If the pan is well seasoned you don’t need to spread oil. I suggest keeping a separate skillet or tawa to make only dosa.

Do keep the heat on low to low-medium flame, so that you are easily able to spread the batter. If the pan base is very thick, then keep the flame to medium.

For a low-fat option, just make the dosa without any oil. But make sure that your pan is well seasoned. Otherwise the dosa will stick to the pan.

making dosa batter and dosa recipe

2. Now take a ladle full of the dosa batter or about ¼ cup of the batter. Pour the batter and gently spread the batter starting from the center and moving outwards. In the below photo you will see a well-spread dosa batter.

dosa batter spread neatly on tawa or skillet

3. Cook the dosa on low to medium heat. Do regulate the heat as per the pan size and thickness. You can even cover the dosa with a lid and let it get cooked from the bottom as I do.

dosa covered with glass lid

4. Cook till the base is nicely golden and crisp. The base will leave the pan and the edges separate when it gets cooked.

When you see the batter on the top cooked well and the base has become golden, then sprinkle ¼ to ½ teaspoon oil on the edges and center. With the spoon spread the oil on the dosa.

If you prefer, you can flip the dosa and cook the top side for a minute.

a few oil drops on the cooked dosa

6. When the dosa has nicely browned from the bottom and the surface looks well cooked, soft without any specks of undercooked batter, then fold with a spatula and lift it from the pan.

Make the remaining batches of dosa this way. Keep the leftover batter in the refrigerator for 1 to 2 days or you can freeze it for a week.

folded sada dosa on the skillet or tawa

9. Serve Dosa hot with coconut chutney, potato masala and sambar. It is best to serve these crispy dosa hot.

If you want to serve it with potato curry (potato masala), then do check my recipe of Masala Dosa. You can also check this recipe of Poori Masala which makes for a tasty potato curry.

If you have any batter remaining, then store in an air-tight container for 2 to 3 days in the fridge. You can also freeze the batter for a week. Before making dosa, thaw the batter at room temperature.

two crisp and golden dosa with a bowl of coconut chutney on a white plate

Expert Tips for Dosa Batter Fermentation

  1. Temperature: Do take into account the temperature of the city in which you live, as temperature is one of the most important factors for proper fermentation.
  2. Urad Dal:  Make sure that the urad dal you use is fresh and within its expiry date.
  3. Salt: Use non iodized salt. I use edible rock salt. You can even use pink salt or sea salt.
  4. Rice: You can make this dosa recipe with only parboiled rice recipe (idli rice) or regular white rice or with a combination of idli rice and regular rice.
  5. Fermenting Batter in cooler climates:
    • Keep the batter bowl in a warm place – e.g near a heater or in a warm place in your kitchen.
    • You can also preheat your oven at a low temperature (80 to 90 degrees Celsius) for about 10 minutes. Then switch off the oven and keep the batter bowl inside – I use this method when it becomes very cold outside.
    • Alternatively, if your oven has lights, then keep the lights on and place the batter inside.
    • Addition a bit of sugar does help in fermenting the batter – I use this method at times in the winters here.
    • Skip adding salt to the batter as salt retards the fermentation process. Sometimes I add both salt and sugar together. I always use edible rock salt in the idli batter.
    • Keep the batter for a longer time to ferment, like 14 to 24 hours.
    • Do remember that even if you do not see the batter doubled or tripled, you should see tiny bubbles in the batter. You should also get the typical faint sour fermented aroma from the batter.
    • Adding ¼ to ½ teaspoon of instant yeast (dissolved in 2 to 3 teaspoons water) 30 to 45 minutes before you make the dosa also helps. But do this method when the batter has not fermented well. The downside of this method is that you have to use all the batter at once. If you refrigerate then the batter gets too yeasty.
    • You can also add ¼ to ½ teaspoon baking soda and then ferment the batter in cold seasons.

How to ferment dosa batter in the Instant Pot

For cooler or colder climates or seasons, the Instant Pot comes in very handy to fermenting the batter. For fermenting all my idli and dosa batter during the cooler seasons, I have been using the Instant Pot.

After you have made the batter, either place it in a bowl or pan or pour the batter in the steel insert of your IP. I usually place the bowl of dosa batter on a small trivet inside the steel insert.

Place the instant pot glass lid. Press the yogurt button and choose the low mode setting of the yogurt option. Do not choose the normal mode as it will cook your batter very slowly and you don’t want that.

Set the time to 8 to 12 hours. The time to ferment will depend on the the climate, season, temperature and altitude of the place you are living in. In warmer or hotter season, the batter ferments in the Instant Pot in about 7 to 8 hours and in winter it takes 10 to 12 hours.

How to make dosa batter in a wet grinder

According to me, both the a wet grinder and a blender or mixer-grinder work well. For large batters, a table-top wet grinder (stone grinder) does a fabulous job.

A mixie or mixer-grinder is good for small to medium quantities of batter. I have used both wet grinder as well as mixer-grinder.

For large quantities of batters, I do use a wet grinder, but lately I use mixer-grinder, as the one I have is too large and lifting and washing it is one big task.

So I use my Preethi mixer-grinder (Blue Leaf platinum MG 139 750-watt) and it gives me good results every time. The batter does not become hot or warm. Vitamix is also a great blender to whip up a dosa batter in minutes.

If you plan to grind the batter in a table top wet grinder, then double or triple the proportions of the ingredients for this recipe. For a wet grinder, you will need to add some more water while grinding. The urad dal batter really becomes fluffy and light like whipped cream in a wet stone grinder.

I have listed the proportion of water that you need to add while grinding the ingredients in a table-top wet grinder.

  • For ½ cup of urad dal, add 1.5 cups water
  • For 2 cups of rice, add 2.5 cups water

Add the water in parts when grinding urad dal together with the fenugreek seeds, so that it becomes nicely fluffy and increases in volume.

After you have ground the urad dal, you don’t need to remove it. Just let the batter remain in the wet grinder. Add the rice and continue to grind.

How to season a skillet or tawa for making any dosa variety

Another point to be considered is the use of a seasoned tawa or pan. If using a cast iron tawa, it has to be well seasoned. By seasoning I mean the pan is used often to make dosa. If you make roti on a tawa and use the same tawa, then there is a possibility that the dosa will stick.

To season a pan, heat it on a medium to high heat. Smear the pan with oil all over. Switch off the heat and keep it aside for 2 to 3 days.

Before making dosa, heat the pan. Remove the residue oil with a kitchen paper tissue. Again spread oil all over. Heat for some seconds and then again remove the oil. Again spread oil and use the pan for making dosa.

If the pan is not seasoned, the dosa will stick on it. Cast iron pans are the best to make dosa. You can even make it in a non-stick pan, but do try once making in a cast iron pan and you will notice the difference.

More Popular Dosa Recipes To Try!

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dosa on white plate next to white bowls filled with sambar and coconut chutney

Dosa Recipe (With Homemade Dosa Batter)

This is a plain dosa or sada dosa recipe which is a famous breakfast or snack both in India as well as outside India. Dosa is basically a healthy crepe made from ground rice and lentil batter which has been fermented.
4.92 from 45 votes
Prep Time 9 hours
Cook Time 30 minutes
Total Time 9 hours 30 minutes
Cuisine South Indian
Course Breakfast
Diet Gluten Free, Vegan, Vegetarian
Difficulty Level Moderate
Servings 16 Dosa
Units

Ingredients

  • ½ cup idli rice or parboiled rice or regular rice – 100 grams
  • ½ cup regular rice – 100 grams
  • ¼ cup urad dal – 50 grams (husked whole or split black gram)
  • teaspoon fenugreek seeds or 2 pinches (methi seeds or methi dana)
  • 2 tablespoons thick poha (flattened rice)
  • 1.5 cups water – for soaking both rice and lentils
  • ¾ cup water – for grinding, do add water as required
  • ½ teaspoon rock salt edible and food grade or non-iodized salt or sea salt crystals or Himalayan pink salt
  • oil as required

Instructions
 

Soaking Lentils and Rice

  • In a bowl take the idli rice or parboiled rice along with the regular white rice. Instead of adding regular rice, you can also make the dosa with a total of 1 cup idli rice as I have shown in the video. The video has the recipe ingredients doubled in proportion.
  • To the same bowl, add urad dal and fenugreek seeds.
  • Rinse the rice, lentils and methi seeds together a couple of times and keep aside.
  • In a separate bowl, take the flattened rice.
  • Rinse it once or twice in water and then add rinsed flattened rice to the bowl containing the rinsed rice+lentils+methi seeds.
  • Pour 1.5 cups water. Mix. Cover with a lid and soak everything for 5 to 6 hours.

Making dosa batter

  • Drain all the water and add the soaked ingredients in a wet grinder jar.
  • Add ⅔ to ¾ cup water and grind till you get a fine grainy consistency of rice in the batter. A smooth consistency of batter is also fine. 
  • If the mixer gets heated up, then stop and wait for some minutes. When the mixer cools down, grind again. Depending on the jar capacity, you can grind everything once or in two batches. I ground in two batches and added overall ¾ cup water.
  • Now take the batter in a large bowl or pan.
  • Add ½ tsp rock salt. Mix very well. Cover and allow to ferment for 8 to 9 hours or more. Time of fermentation will vary depending on the temperature conditions.
  • A proper fermentation will double or triple up the volume of the batter and you will see tiny air pockets in the batter with a light sour aroma.
  • Now lightly stir the batter, before you begin to make dosa.

Making Dosa

  • Heat a cast iron pan. When the pan becomes hot, spread ¼ to ½ teaspoon oil all over the pan. Do keep the heat on low to low-medium heat, so that you are easily able to spread the batter. If the pan base is very thick, then keep the flame to medium.
  • Do not spread oil if you are using a non stick pan, as you won’t be able to spread the batter.
  • Now take a ladle full of the batter. Pour the dosa batter and gently spread the batter starting from the center and moving outwards.
  • Cover it with a lid and cook the dosa on a low to medium heat. Do regulate the flame as per the pan size and thickness.
  • When you see the batter on the top has cooked well and the bottom has become crisp and golden, then sprinkle ¼ to ½ teaspoon oil on the edges and center.
  • With the spoon spread the oil on the dosa.
  • Cook till the base is nicely golden and crisp. The base will leave the pan and the sides will also get separated when it gets cooked.
  • Fold and serve sada dosa hot. Make all dosai this way.
  • Serve these crisp plain dosa with sambar or potato masala or coconut chutney.

Video

Notes

Recipe Notes:

  1. Scaling: You can easily halve, double or triple this sada dosa recipe. If doubling or tripling the dosa recipe, then soak urad dal + methi seeds in a separate bowl. Grind urad dal and methi seeds separately. Grind rice separately. Then mix both the batters in a large bowl or pan. Grind soaked rice in two to three batches.
  2. Rice: Instead of adding regular rice, you can also make the dosa with total of 1 cup idli rice as I have shown in the video. The video has the recipe ingredients doubled in proportion.
  3. Temperature: Do take into account the temperature of the city in which you live, as temperature is one of the important factors for proper fermentation.
  4. Urad Dal:  Make sure that the urad dal you use is fresh and within its expiry date.
  5. Salt: Use non-iodized salt. I use rock salt. You can even use pink salt.

Tips for dosa batter fermentation in cooler climates:

  1. Keep the batter bowl in a warm place – e.g near a heater or in a warm place in your kitchen.
  2. You can also preheat your oven at a low temperature (80 to 90 degrees Celsius) for about 10 minutes. Then switch off the oven and keep the batter bowl inside – I use this method when it becomes very cold outside.
  3. Alternatively, if your oven has lights, then keep the lights on and place the batter inside.
  4. Addition a bit of sugar does help in fermenting the batter – I use this method at times in the winters here.
  5. Skip adding salt to the batter as salt retards the fermentation process. Sometimes I add both salt and sugar together. I always use rock salt in the idli batter.
  6. Keep the batter for a longer time to ferment, like 14 to 24 hours.
  7. Do remember that even if you do not see the batter doubled or tripled, you should see tiny bubbles in the batter. You should also get the typical faint sour fermented aroma from the batter.
  8. Adding ¼ to ½ tsp of instant yeast (dissolved in 2 to 3 tsp water) 30 to 45 minutes before you make the dosa also helps. But do this method when the batter has not fermented well. The downside of this method is that you have to use all the batter at once. If you refrigerate than the batter gets too yeasty.
  9. You can also add ¼ to ½ baking soda and then ferment the batter in cold seasons.

Making dosa batter in a wet-grinder:

  1. Double the proportion of the dosa batter recipe if making in a wet grinder. So for ½ cup of urad dal, add 1.5 cups water. For 2 cups of rice, add 2.5 cups water. Add the water in parts when grinding urad dal and fenugreek seeds, so that the batter becomes nicely fluffy and increases in volume.
  2. After you have ground the urad dal and fenugreek seeds, you don’t need to remove it. Just let the batter remain in the wet grinder. Add the rice and continue to grind.
  3. Then remove the batter in a large bowl. Mix salt. Cover the bowl and let the batter ferment. 

Nutrition Info (Approximate Values)

Nutrition Facts
Dosa Recipe (With Homemade Dosa Batter)
Amount Per Serving
Calories 74 Calories from Fat 18
% Daily Value*
Fat 2g3%
Saturated Fat 1g6%
Sodium 75mg3%
Potassium 13mg0%
Carbohydrates 12g4%
Fiber 1g4%
Sugar 1g1%
Protein 2g4%
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) 1mg67%
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 1mg59%
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 1mg5%
Vitamin B6 1mg50%
Vitamin C 1mg1%
Vitamin E 1mg7%
Vitamin K 1µg1%
Calcium 6mg1%
Vitamin B9 (Folate) 1µg0%
Iron 1mg6%
Magnesium 3mg1%
Phosphorus 15mg2%
Zinc 1mg7%
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet.

This Dosa Recipe from the archives was first published on May 2016. It has been updated and republished on January 2023.

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Welcome to Dassana's Veg Recipes. I share vegetarian recipes from India & around the World. Having been cooking for decades and with a professional background in cooking & baking, I help you to make your cooking journey easier with my tried and tested recipes showcased with step by step photos & plenty of tips & suggestions.

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62 Comments

  1. Hello Dassana!

    Perfect batter for dosa, idli and even uttapam, (added gram flour to the finished batter)!!

    One question, for how long should I soak the poha? Just add it to the rice for the whole soaking period?

    Thank you!!!5 stars

    1. Thank you. You can soak the poha with the rice or soak it separately for about 30 minutes to an hour.

  2. Hello, thank you for these wonderful instructions! I am curious about something: I wonder how dosa batter was ground in the days before electricity? Is that something you have any knowledge of?

    Also, I wonder if increasing the portion of legumes and decreasing the portion of grain would affect the fermentation?
    Thank you for your thoughts!!!

    1. Yes, in Southern India, you will find stone grinders that were traditionally used to grind the dosa batter. In some households, you will still find them. The lentils and rice were ground manually with the help of these round stone grinders.

      Yes the fermentation time will reduce when you add more lentils or legumes and reduce the rice. I hope this helps and thank you.

      1. Hello, Dassana, thank you for your reply! Are the traditional grinders like a mortar and pestle type of idea? I don’t know how to search for pictures on the internet to see what the process was like.
        Also, do you think that a longer soaking time would make the beans or lentils more difficult to grind finely, due to them beginning to ferment during the soak?

        1. Welcome! Usually there are two types to make the batter – one is not exactly like a mortar-pestle but same kind of thought is applied to it. The second one is a flat rectangular stone with a heavy thick rolling stone to grind on the flat one. If you search for idli or dosa adding these words ‘village style’ on youtube, you will get to see these traditional equipments.

          Yes, could be, they make time more time to grind for the same reason you have mentioned. Avoid soaking for longer times as they ferment and get an off odour.

  3. Once in a while I am making these for my friends, and each time I’ve gotta explain that this is not you usual pancake ) The shape is not perfect, but tastes great anyway!5 stars

  4. Thank you. It came out well. I followed the recipe on the Idli/Dosa rice proportion 1:3 and following your instructions it turned out very well. Thank you.5 stars